Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites - American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This study assessed how residual petroleum hydrocarbons influence both the physicochemical and electrical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from five spatial locations near clusters of abandoned artisanal refineries. The concentrations of total hydrocarbons content (THC), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), as well as the electrical resistivity (\u03c1) and dielectric constant (\u025b\u02b9) values of the soil samples presumed to be contaminated and those from the reference point, were determined following approved standard guidelines. The findings indicated the presence of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the sites of the old refineries, as evidenced by significantly higher THC values in the soil samples collected from the abandoned refinery sites compared to the control soil (p \u2264 0.05). It was observed that the THC levels ranged from 1052 to 4024 mg\/kg, significantly exceeding the result (71 mg\/kg) recorded at the control point. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd ranged from 3.63 to 8.10 mg\/kg, 5.73 to 9.10 ppm, 5.13 to 8.30 ppm, and 0.90 to 1.53 mg\/kg, respectively. Conversely, at the reference location, concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were recorded as 2.27, 2.67, 3.70, and 0.08 mg\/kg, respectively. The results revealed that \u03c1 across the five sampled points varied from 451.00 to 836.00 \u2126m, while \u025b\u02b9 values ranged between 3.16 and 3.73. As evidenced by the results, proper remediation of areas where illegal refineries were once located is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with petroleum toxicity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This study assessed how residual petroleum hydrocarbons influence both the physicochemical and electrical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from five spatial locations near clusters of abandoned artisanal refineries. The concentrations of total hydrocarbons content (THC), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), as well as the electrical resistivity (\u03c1) and dielectric constant (\u025b\u02b9) values of the soil samples presumed to be contaminated and those from the reference point, were determined following approved standard guidelines. The findings indicated the presence of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the sites of the old refineries, as evidenced by significantly higher THC values in the soil samples collected from the abandoned refinery sites compared to the control soil (p \u2264 0.05). It was observed that the THC levels ranged from 1052 to 4024 mg\/kg, significantly exceeding the result (71 mg\/kg) recorded at the control point. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd ranged from 3.63 to 8.10 mg\/kg, 5.73 to 9.10 ppm, 5.13 to 8.30 ppm, and 0.90 to 1.53 mg\/kg, respectively. Conversely, at the reference location, concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were recorded as 2.27, 2.67, 3.70, and 0.08 mg\/kg, respectively. The results revealed that \u03c1 across the five sampled points varied from 451.00 to 836.00 \u2126m, while \u025b\u02b9 values ranged between 3.16 and 3.73. As evidenced by the results, proper remediation of areas where illegal refineries were once located is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with petroleum toxicity.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-21T06:20:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"ScholarlyArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"airjournals\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#\/schema\/person\/58e5ec6b9ef59dbd9e6c60c7286a1a74\"},\"headline\":\"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-21T06:20:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-21T06:20:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\"},\"wordCount\":366,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\",\"name\":\"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites - American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-21T06:20:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-21T06:20:12+00:00\",\"description\":\"This study assessed how residual petroleum hydrocarbons influence both the physicochemical and electrical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from five spatial locations near clusters of abandoned artisanal refineries. The concentrations of total hydrocarbons content (THC), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), as well as the electrical resistivity (\u03c1) and dielectric constant (\u025b\u02b9) values of the soil samples presumed to be contaminated and those from the reference point, were determined following approved standard guidelines. The findings indicated the presence of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the sites of the old refineries, as evidenced by significantly higher THC values in the soil samples collected from the abandoned refinery sites compared to the control soil (p \u2264 0.05). It was observed that the THC levels ranged from 1052 to 4024 mg\/kg, significantly exceeding the result (71 mg\/kg) recorded at the control point. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd ranged from 3.63 to 8.10 mg\/kg, 5.73 to 9.10 ppm, 5.13 to 8.30 ppm, and 0.90 to 1.53 mg\/kg, respectively. Conversely, at the reference location, concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were recorded as 2.27, 2.67, 3.70, and 0.08 mg\/kg, respectively. The results revealed that \u03c1 across the five sampled points varied from 451.00 to 836.00 \u2126m, while \u025b\u02b9 values ranged between 3.16 and 3.73. As evidenced by the results, proper remediation of areas where illegal refineries were once located is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with petroleum toxicity.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/\",\"name\":\"American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering\",\"description\":\"AJASE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering (AJASE)\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#organization\",\"name\":\"American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering - AIRJOURNAL\",\"alternateName\":\"AJASE - American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2019\/05\/cropped-AIIA-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2019\/05\/cropped-AIIA-2.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":250,\"caption\":\"American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering - AIRJOURNAL\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#\/schema\/person\/58e5ec6b9ef59dbd9e6c60c7286a1a74\",\"name\":\"airjournals\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/76c8575d1d9c7b05641aa6664598661f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/76c8575d1d9c7b05641aa6664598661f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"airjournals\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/author\/airjournals\/\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites - American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering","description":"This study assessed how residual petroleum hydrocarbons influence both the physicochemical and electrical properties of soil. 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Conversely, at the reference location, concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were recorded as 2.27, 2.67, 3.70, and 0.08 mg\/kg, respectively. The results revealed that \u03c1 across the five sampled points varied from 451.00 to 836.00 \u2126m, while \u025b\u02b9 values ranged between 3.16 and 3.73. 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{"id":3454,"date":"2024-04-21T06:20:11","date_gmt":"2024-04-21T06:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/?post_type=journal_article&p=3454"},"modified":"2024-04-21T06:20:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-21T06:20:12","slug":"spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/airjournal.org\/ajase\/journal_article\/spatial-distribution-of-physicochemical-and-electrical-properties-in-soils-around-abandon-illegal-refineries-sites\/","title":{"rendered":"Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and Electrical Properties in Soils around Abandon illegal Refineries Sites"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Akpomrere, O. R.^{1<\/sup>, Asibeluo, U. N.^{2<\/sup>, Akwenuke O. M.^{3<\/sup>, Okolotu G. I.^{4<\/sup> & Uguru, H^{5*<\/sup><\/strong>
^{1<\/sup>Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria<\/em>
^{2<\/sup>Department of Electrical Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria<\/em>
^{3<\/sup>Department of Civil and Water resources Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria<\/em>
^{4,5<\/sup>Department of Agricultural Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}}}}}}}}

Abstract<\/strong>

This study assessed how residual petroleum hydrocarbons influence both the physicochemical and electrical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from five spatial locations near clusters of abandoned artisanal refineries. The concentrations of total hydrocarbons content (THC), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), as well as the electrical resistivity (\u03c1) and dielectric constant (\u025b\u02b9) values of the soil samples presumed to be contaminated and those from the reference point, were determined following approved standard guidelines. The findings indicated the presence of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the sites of the old refineries, as evidenced by significantly higher THC values in the soil samples collected from the abandoned refinery sites compared to the control soil (p \u2264 0.05). It was observed that the THC levels ranged from 1052 to 4024 mg\/kg, significantly exceeding the result (71 mg\/kg) recorded at the control point. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd ranged from 3.63 to 8.10 mg\/kg, 5.73 to 9.10 ppm, 5.13 to 8.30 ppm, and 0.90 to 1.53 mg\/kg, respectively. Conversely, at the reference location, concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were recorded as 2.27, 2.67, 3.70, and 0.08 mg\/kg, respectively. The results revealed that \u03c1 across the five sampled points varied from 451.00 to 836.00 \u03a9m, while \u025b\u02b9 values ranged between 3.16 and 3.73. As evidenced by the results, proper remediation of areas where illegal refineries were once located is crucial to mitigate the risks associated with petroleum toxicity.<\/em>

Keywords<\/em><\/strong> Spatial Distribution; Dielectric Constant; Heavy Metals; Residual Petroleum Hydrocarbons; Illegal Refineries<\/em>

Citation<\/em><\/strong> Akpomrere, O. R., Asibeluo, U. N., Akwenuke O. M., Okolotu G. I. & Uguru, H (2024). Spatial Distribution of Physicochemical and electrical Properties in soils around abandon illegal Refineries Sites. American Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 5(1) 18-26. \u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.11003471<\/em><\/a> \u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n