Abstract
The intersection of anthropogenic climate change and zoonotic disease emergence represents one of the most significant challenges to global public health in the 21st century. This study investigates the impact of shifting climatic variables—specifically temperature, precipitation, and humidity—on the dynamics of vector-borne zoonoses, including Lyme disease, Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE), and Dengue fever. Utilizing a synthesis of ecological niche modeling and historical incidence data, we analyzed how environmental stressors alter vector phenology, host-parasite interactions, and the geographical range of pathogens. Our findings demonstrate a significant northward expansion of Ixodes ticks and Aedes mosquitoes, driven by milder winters and extended growing seasons. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the loss of biodiversity, exacerbated by climate-driven habitat fragmentation, diminishes the 'dilution effect,' thereby increasing the prevalence of pathogens within remaining host populations. Results suggest that by early 2024, the population at risk for Aedes-borne viruses has expanded by approximately 12% compared to the 2010 baseline. We conclude that a robust One Health framework, integrating ecological monitoring with clinical surveillance, is essential for mitigating the risks posed by these shifting disease landscapes. This research underscores the necessity of high-tech and low-tech integrated control strategies to address the economic and health burdens of emerging zoonoses in a warming world.