Abstract
The escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its transmission pathways across different species and environments. This study presents a comparative analysis of AMR patterns observed in human and animal populations, employing a One Health framework. We synthesized data from various surveillance programs and published literature to identify common resistance trends, specific resistant bacterial strains, and the potential for interspecies transmission. Our findings highlight significant overlaps in resistance profiles for key bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, across human, livestock, and companion animal sectors. The prevalence of certain resistance genes and mechanisms, like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), appears to be driven by shared antimicrobial usage patterns and environmental contamination. A detailed examination of specific antimicrobial classes reveals differential resistance development in various hosts, influenced by distinct therapeutic and agricultural applications. The analysis underscores the critical role of agricultural practices and veterinary medicine in shaping the AMR landscape that impacts human health. We conclude that a coordinated, interdisciplinary approach is paramount to effectively mitigate AMR, emphasizing enhanced surveillance, responsible antimicrobial stewardship in both human and animal health, and improved infection prevention and control measures across all sectors. This integrated strategy is essential to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials for future generations.