Abstract
The transition toward a global green economy requires a fundamental shift in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) landscape. This research investigates the integration of environmental competencies—'green skills'—into vocational training curricula to address the dual challenges of climate change and industrial evolution. Drawing upon data from diverse regional contexts including Kenya, India, and China, the study employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze current trainer competencies, employer perceptions, and patent trends in green technology. The results indicate that while there is a significant demand for green competencies, particularly in renewable energy and sustainable manufacturing, current TVET frameworks often lack the pedagogical agility required to bridge the skills gap. Quantitative analysis of trainer self-efficacy reveals a moderate correlation between specialized environmental training and the successful delivery of sustainable development modules. Furthermore, patent analysis in the steel and energy sectors suggests that future skill needs are increasingly intersecting with digital and algorithmic competencies. The study concludes that for vocational training to support a sustainable future, policy interventions must move beyond mere technical proficiency, incorporating social skills, transcultural knowledge transfer, and human development frameworks. A holistic model for 'Green TVET' is proposed, emphasizing the synergy between digital transformation and ecological restoration as a driver for sustainable employment and industrial competitiveness.