Data-Driven Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Optimisation to Reduce Medication Shortages in Rural U.S. Healthcare Facilities

• Post by: airjournals
• December 31, 2025
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ABSTRACT

This paper introduces a data-driven framework to optimise the pharmaceutical supply chain and address medication shortages in rural U.S. healthcare facilities. It consolidates evidence on causes of shortages, demand trends, and inventory management to create a practical decision-support system tailored for low-volume, resource-limited environments. The framework leverages multiple data sources, including pharmacy dispensing data, supplier performance information, transportation limitations, and disruption histories, to enable accurate demand forecasting, safety stock calculation, and replenishment planning. Statistical and machine learning models account for factors like seasonality, facility type, patient demographics, and geographic access barriers. Inventory optimisation modules distinguish strategies for fast- and slow-moving stock-keeping units. Scenario-based stress testing evaluates resilience during disruptive events like pandemics, extreme weather, or transportation failures. The paper also discusses implementation strategies, focusing on stakeholder involvement, change management, and technology adoption to ensure the analytic tools are integrated into everyday pharmacy operations rather than limited to pilot projects. It considers policy and ethical issues, emphasising how local conditions and regulations influence feasible interventions. Overall, the study provides a structured roadmap for rural health systems to harness data-driven methods to improve service levels, reduce stockouts and expiries, and enhance access to essential medicines.

Keywords:  Pharmaceutical Supply Chain; Medication Shortages; Rural Healthcare; Demand Forecasting; Inventory Optimisation; Supply Chain Resilience